Our Basic Needs
** Hello students today I have shared our basic needs text with you. By reading this text you will know about our basic needs. Here you first read the text well and below there are some short and long questions. You will solve the answers of the questions yourself. And some short quiz answers are given. Hope this post will help you to know about our basic needs.
Unit I:Our Basic Needs
1)Food
2)Clothes
3)Houses
Food
We need food to live alive. It makes us strong, healthy and gives us energy to do work and play. Food helps us to grow our body.
Kinds of food: There are two kinds of food :
Vegetarian Food: Food supplied by plants is called Vegetarian Food. It contains pulses, green vegetables, milk, curd,. butter, cheese, cereals like wheat, rice, millet, gram, etc.
Non-Vegetarian Food: Food supplied by animals is called Non-Vegetarian Food. It contains, meat(mutton, chicken), fish, eggs and animal oil of shark, whale and halibut, etc.
Sources of vegetarian food :
Stems of plants: Potato, ginger, onion, garlic, sugar cane, etc. are stems of plants which we use as our food.
Roots of plants: – Radish, carrot, turnip, beet root, etc. are plant roots which we eat as our food.
Leaves of plants: Spinach, mustard, cabbage, etc. supply us leaves for food.
Grains of plants: Pulses like urad, lentils, arhar, moong, gram, pea, cereals like wheat, rice, millet, ragi, etc. all are eating grains.
Fruits of trees and plants :Trees supply us fruits like mango, banana, papaya, guava, peach, pomegranate, orange, etc. and vegetables like tomato, brinjal, cauliflower, cucumber, lady finger,etc. are plant products.
Besides the cooking oil; like mustard oil, soya oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, etc. are also plant products.
Sources of non-vegetarian food :
We get mutton from goat, pork from pig and chicken from hen. Fish, sheep and
buffalo also give us meat. We get eggs from hen, duck, gooze, etc. Besides the above we get milk from cow, buffalo, camel, goat, yak, etc. The milk is a complete food.
What we get from different types of food:
Food like pulses, eggs, milk, meat, etc. help us in building our body. We grow tall,
strong and muscular. Food like sweets, rice, potatoes, sugar, butter, cheese, etc. give us energy. Vegetables and fruits protect us from and keep us healthy.
(Water keeps us healthy, so we must drink eight
glasses of water daily. Water helps us in digesting our food)
To stay healthy we should follow good eating habits.
Good Eating Habits :
1)Take your food at right time. Breakfast in the morning, lunch in the noon and dinner at night.
2)Wash your hands before and after every meal.
3)Keep your food covered with lids or nets.
4)Never eat your food when you are angry.
5)Always eat fresh and clean food.
6)Never buy and eat chopped fruits from the street hawkers.
7)Avoid excess use of beverage like tea, coffee and cold drinks.
8)Wash fruits and vegetables in fresh water before use.
(Specific: Salad helps us to digest the food.)
Know about these words:
Vegetarian: One who eats plant food
Non-Vegetarian: One who eats meat, fish, eggs
Points to be remembered:
1. Plants give us grains, leaves, stems, fruits for our food.
2. The goat, hen, pig, buffalo, etc. give us meat for our food.
3. Water keeps us healthy and makes our food digestive.
Exercise
Part ‘A’
1. Tick(√) the correct alternative from those given below :
a. Food gives us :
(i) strength (ii) energy (iii) health (iv) all of these
b. People who eat vegetables, grains, pulses, cheese, etc. are called:
(i) non-vegetarian (ii)omnivores (iii) vegetarian (iv)none of these
c. Potatoes, ginger, onions, etc. are :
(i) roots (ii) stems (iii) fruits (iv) leaves
d. Carrot and beatroot are:
(i) stems (ii) leaves (iii)roots (iv) fruits
e. Vegetable oil is :
(i) animal product (ii) plant product (iii) both (i) and (ii) (iv) none of these
f. We get eggs from :
(i) ducks (ii) hens (iii) goose (iv) all of these
Match the following correctly:
a.Egg 1.yak(d)
b.Protective food 2.pulses(c)
c.Body-building food 3.hen(a)
d.Milk 4.fruits and vegetables(b)
3.Say true or false :
a. Water helps us in digesting the food.(true)
b.Leaves of sugar cane are our food.(false)
c.We should eat fruits without washing.(false)
d.Mutton is got from the goat.(true)
Part ‘B’
1. Short answer type questions :
a.Name vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods.
b. Name three vegetables we get from the stem of a plant.
c.Name three meat giving animals.
d.Name three egg laying birds.
2. Long answer type questions:
a.Write about vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods.
b.Write five good eating habits.
Clothes
Clothes are one of our necessary basic need. Neat, clean and well ironed clothes give new and impressive look to our body. Clothes protect us from rain, cold, heat and dust.
Different kinds of clothes in different seasons :
In summer, we wear cotton clothes which keep us cool. The cotton fibres absorb sweat and become wet so we feel cold. We wear light coloured cotton clothes which reflect the sunlight rays into the atmosphere. Cotton is obtained from cotton plant.
Silken clothes are also like that of cotton clothes. Silk is obtained from silkworms which are kept on malberry trees.
In winter, we wear woollen clothes which keep uswarm and protect us from cold. Wool is obtained from sheep, camel, rabbit and yak. Sweater, tweed, blanket, shawls,suitings are all woollen clothes. Woollen fibre is bad conductor of heat so it keeps our body warm.
In rainy season, we wear synthetic clothes and cover ourselves with raincoat made of plastic or rubber. Synthetic clothes dry very quickly and do not decay with water.
(Cotton, wool, silk and rubber are natural products)
Cashmelone, nylon, terylen and polyster are called artificial fibres and warm clothes are made of them. Some people wear leather clothes in the winter. We get leather from animals like sheep, goat, bullock, cow and buffalo.
Caring of clothes :
1)Use good quality washing soap,detergent or powder to wash your clothes clean.
2)Get your clothes ironed and keep them safe from dust and moths.
3)Silk and woollen clothes should be dry cleaned.
4) In summer, wash your clothes daily.
Specific:The fibre of jute is also used to make clothes.
Know about these words:
Protect : To save
Conductor: One which conducts
Tweed: Coarse woollen cloth
Points to be remembered:
1. Clothes save us from heat, dust, rain and give us impressive look.
2. We wear cotton clothes in summer, woollen clothes in winter and synthetic clothes in the rainy season.
Exercises
Part ‘A’
1. Tick(√) the correct alternative from those given below :
a. Clothes protect us from:
(i) rain (ii) dust (iii) heat and cold (iv) all of these
b. Cotton is a product of:
(i) factory (ii) animal (iii) insect (iv) plant
c.We wear woollen clothes which protect us from :
(i) heat (ii) rain (iii) cold (iv) insects d.Tweed is a :
(i) woollen cloth (ii) silken cloth (iii) cotton cloth (iv) leather cloth
2. Say true or false :
a.Wool and silk fibres are natural products.(T)
b. Raincoat is made of cotton cloth.(F)
c.We get leather from animals like sheep, goat, etc.(T)
d. The fibre of jute cannot be used to make cloth.(T)
3.Fill in the blanks with the help of suitable word: winter, Woollen, bad, necessary
a.Clothes are our________________basic need.
b. In_____________ we wear woollen clothes.
c.____________clothes are made of wool.
d. Woollen fibre is___________ conductor of heat.
Part ‘B’
1. Short answer type questions:
a. Why do we wear clothes?
b. Which type of clothes do we wear in summer?
c.Of which fibre woollen clothes are made?
d.Name two natural fibres and two artificial fibres.
e. Name two animals from which we get leather.
2. Long answer type questions:
a. In which season do we wear woollen clothes and name
the animals providing wool?
b. How would you care of your clothes? Write any two
points.
Houses
The house is a place where we live. It saves us from heat, cold, wind, rain, dust and wild animals.
Types of houses:
There are two kinds of houses – Kachcha and Pucca houses. The houses which are made of mud, straw and wood are called Kachcha houses. Huts are types of kachcha houses. Mostly villagers live in huts. In cities and towns, houses are made of steel, wood, bricks, cement, etc. and these houses are called Pucca houses. These may be single-storeyed or multi-storeyed.
Strange Houses :
Eskimoes of Tundra region live in igloo. Kashmiris live in house-boats. Red Indians live in tents made of hide. Pigmies of Congo in Africa live in houses made among the branches of trees.
Building Materials: Bricks, steel, wood, clay, cement, glass, tin, marble are building materials.
Persons who help in building a house :
Labourers: Labourers dig the foundation of the house.
Architect: He draws the map of the house.
Mason: He builds the house. He is the most important worker.
Floor-maker: He makes the floor with marble stone. Carpenter: He makes doors, windows and cupboards.
Plumber : He lays the sanitary.
Electrician: He fits the electric wires, electric appliances and switches.
Painter: He paints the house.
Decorator : She decorates the house.
Specific: POP (Plaster of Paris) is done on the ceiling.
Know about these words:
Marble : A kind of stone
Eskimoes: The inhabitants of North America (Tundra Region)
Pigmies: A tribe of Africa
Points to be remembered:
1. There are two types of houses – kachcha and pucca houses.
2. Bricks, cement, steel, sand, dust, wood, marble, stone are needed to build a house.
Exercise
Part ‘A’
Tick(√) the correct alternative from those given below:
a. We live in houses which save us from :
(i) heat and dust (ii) wild animals (iii) cold and rain (iv) all of these
b. Pucca houses are made of :
(i) steel and cement (ii) bricks (iii) wood (iv) all of these
c. Eskimoes of Tundra live in :
(i) tent (ii) hut (iii) igloo (iv) cave
d. An architect is one who:
(i) builds the house
(ii) makes the floor
(iii) draws a map of the house
(iv) decorates the house
2. Say true or false
a. Houses are of two types-kuchcha and pucca houses.(T)
b. Pucca houses have only one storey.(F)
c. African Pigmies live in houses made in tree branches.(T)
d. The plumber lays the floor tiles in the rooms.(F)
Complete the following:
a. An architect draws the_______________.
b. A mason builds the___________________.
c. A painter paints the__________________.
d. A carpenter makes the_________________.
Part ‘B’
1. Short answer type questions:
a. What are kuchcha and pucca houses?
b. Name some strange houses.
c. Name materials which are used to build a house.
d. Who is the most important worker in the work of building a house?
2. Long answer type questions :
a. What are the works of an architect, a carpenter, a plumber and a mason in building a house?
b. Put the following workers in right order of building a house :
Decorator, Plumber, Mason, Labourers, Electrician, Carpenter, Floor-maker, Architect, Painter.